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GUARDIAN Tue, 24 Nov 2009 12:14:10 GMT
The Large Hadron Collider has started crashing particles together, albeit at low energies. Here is the first snapshot taken by one of the machine's giant detectors After 14 months of repairs, Cern engineers have got the Large Hadron Collider to smash particles together far sooner than anyone dared hope. For the time being the collisions are low energy, around 450 billion electronvolts per beam, which is around half the energy of what remains, for now, the world's most powerful particle collider: the Tevatron at Fermilab on the outskirts of Chicago. This is the first event spotted by LHC's Atlas detector, picked up yesterday afternoon when the two counter-rotating beams of protons were steered into a head-on collision. The lefthand image shows the detector from the side on, while the circular image on the right shows the collision as seen down the beampipe axis of the detector. The coloured streaks coming out from the centre of the image are mostly caused by pairs of quarks called pions. In each colliding proton there are three quarks. Scientists on Atlas say the detector is working beautifully. For all of the researchers at the lab, this is the beginning of a wonderful new journey. Fingers crossed they'll find something that the current theory of particles and forces, aka the Standard Model, can't explain. For Cern's images of the grand start-up go here. Cern Particle physics Ian Sample guardian.co.uk © Guardian News & Media Limited 2009 | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds
GUARDIAN Wed, 11 Nov 2009 01:00:01 GMT
A new study of their skeletons suggests dinosaurs like T rex were nimble, warm-blooded creatures Tyrannosaurus rex was an athletic, warm-blooded animal that jogged rather than lumbered around its territory, according to a new study. Researchers led by Herman Pontzer at the University of Washington, St Louis, examined the anatomical details of 14 dinosaurs of different sizes to work out how much energy the animals might have needed to move around. He found that, for dinosaurs weighing from a few kilograms to tonnes, the power their muscles needed was far too high for the animals to have been cold-blooded. "We found that the energy costs of locomotion for them, the amount of oxygen they'd have to consume to walk and run, would have far exceeded the rate of energy use that cold-blooded animals are able to sustain," said Pontzer. "This says they may well have been warm-blooded and, if so, we can't think of them as slow, lumbering reptiles any more." His results are published today in the journal PLoS ONE. Scientists have been arguing since the 1950s over whether dinosaurs were warm or cold blooded, because each type of metabolism implies different physical attributes. Cold-blooded animals, such as modern lizards, are heavily dependent on the temperature around them to stay active – so they are limited to living, for the most part, in relatively warm parts of the world and are only active during the day. Warm-blooded animals, such as modern mammals and birds, can live anywhere and move around or hunt for food at any time of day. Maintaining a stable internal temperature, however, costs a lot of energy and requires the animals to feed more regularly. "If you take the classic view of dinosaurs being cold-blooded animals, they'd be limited in the same way as cold-blooded animals today," said Pontzer. "They wouldn't have been able to be successful in as many parts of the landscape, they wouldn't have been as active [or] have some of the same characteristics in terms of mental and physical capabilities as warm-blooded animals. It would have opened up the whole world to them in a way that isn't open to cold-blooded animals." If dinosaurs were warm blooded, it could explain their success in taking over large parts of the prehistoric world for hundreds of millions of years throughout the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. Pontzer's analysis grew out of an approach he had already developed for understanding and predicting movement costs in living animals. His recent work had showed, for example, that the energy cost of walking and running was associated with leg length. The distance from the hip joint to the ground predicted the observed energy cost of movement with 98% accuracy for a wide variety of land animals. "We want to understand how limb design determines the energy costs of walking and running. Specifically the shape of the bones as well as the posture an animal uses dictates how much muscle they need to turn on every step to walk or run," he said. "It became obvious that these methods would be really applicable to dinosaurs so we took detailed anatomical models of these dinosaurs and we applied the methods." Dinosaurs Fossils Animal behaviour Zoology Alok Jha guardian.co.uk © Guardian News & Media Limited 2009 | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds
BBC Thu, 11 Dec 2008 13:25:18 GMT
In April this year, about 500 migrating ducks on their way north landed in what looked like a large lake in western Canada.

It was not a lake, but a tailings pond - a store for toxic waste from the oil sands extraction process, made up of water, clay, sand, residual bitumen and heavy metals.

Most of the ducks died, killed by the slick of oil on the water's surface.

Oil sands production, which requires large amounts of energy and water to extract the bitumen from the sand, is said to produce on average at least three times the greenhouse gas emissions of conventional oil extraction.

The industry is already Canada's largest single greenhouse gas emitter, which has led opponents to call oil from the oil sands "dirty oil". Output is expected to triple by 2020.

The oil sands are single-handedly preventing Canada from meeting any of its Kyoto obligations, Mr Hudema says.

Under the UN climate agreement, Canada was to have reduced its emissions to 20% below 2006 levels by 2020. The federal government has said it will not even attempt to meet those targets.

It has been widely reported in the Canadian media that oil sands company Suncor admitted to a leak of 1,600 sq m from its Tar Island Pond 1 tailings pond in 1997, although a current spokesman for Suncor says he does not have any information about the incident.

Environmental scientist Kevin Timoney says he has seen data that suggest elevated levels of PAHs downstream of the plants, which he says could only be attributable to oil sands production.

"I think eventually, when all the studies are complete, we should be able to conclude that the tar sands industry is creating an environmental catastrophe," Mr Timoney says.

BAYNEWS9 Thu, 21 Aug 2008
Oceanographers who test the Gulf of Mexico waters every month confirm the veteran fisherman is right.

"We're not finding enough oxygen to support life, aquatic life," said scientist Lora Pride aboard the Pelican, the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium research vessel that studies the Gulf.

Comment from Mike Rivero :

So, let us recap.

Ethanol is sold to us on the claim that it is "carbon neutral" (which it isn't when you add in the emissions form the processing itself), and therefore a way to deal with the crisis-de-jour, human-caused global warming (at a time when the Earth's temperature is actually in decline). Since ethanol contains less energy than an equivalent amount of gasoline, drivers must buy and burn more of it to drive the same distance, which means it is actually more expensive per mile than gasoline. Plus, Germany has just banned ethanol because they discovered it actually damages the fuel system on cars designed to run on gasoline, thereby driving up the cost of car repairs (and the carbon output from the factories that make those spare hoses and gaskets).

As a side effect of turning corn into ethanol, food prices went through the roof. Crop surpluses vanished, and as a consequence, weather and flood-induced food shortages occurred right here in the United States.

And now we find out that the run-off from all this intensified corn farming is creating oxygen-free dead zones, killing off another source of food, deep ocean fish.

So what we have here is a media hoax used to sell us a product that we did not really need that costs more and does more harm to the world than the non-existent crisis supposedly did.

It sounds good in Al Gore's TV Commercials, but it has not been thought out very well. It may be good public relations, but it is not good science.

But then, snake oil never is.

BBC Mon, 07 Jul 2008 13:40:32 GMT
The UK is to slow its adoption of biofuels, Transport Secretary Ruth Kelly has told the House of Commons.

She said that while biofuels had the potential to cut carbon emissions there were "increasing questions" about them.

The uncontrolled expansion of biofuels might actually contribute to higher food prices and see the destruction of rainforests, she said.

Ms Kelly said she agreed with the conclusions of the Gallagher report to "amend not abandon" biofuel policies.

Her statement came on the day the World Bank president, Robert Zoellick, called for reform of biofuel policies in rich countries, urging them to grow more food instead.

A panel of government experts, chaired by Professor Ed Gallagher, head of the Renewable Fuels Agency, looked at the impact of biofuels on land use.

Poverty fears

The report did not go as far as a damning study from the World Bank last week, which blamed biofuels for a 75% rise in food prices.

But it called for biofuels to be introduced more slowly than planned until controls are in place to prevent higher food prices and land being switched from forests or agriculture to growing fuels.

It fears that current policies could see grain prices in the EU rise by 15%, sugar by 7% and oil seed by 50%, while millions more people in other parts of the world could be pushed into poverty.

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 Wednesday, 10 Mar 2010 15:43:44 UTC/GMT

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